Title Deeds in Thailand. Title deeds are crucial documents in Thailand’s property market, serving as proof of ownership or usage rights. They vary in types and legal authority, and understanding these distinctions is essential for safe and lawful property transactions.

1. Types of Title Deeds

1. Chanote (Nor Sor 4 Jor):
   • The most secure and complete title deed.
   • Provides full ownership rights, including the ability to sell, lease, or mortgage the property.
   • Surveyed with GPS for precise land boundaries.
2. Nor Sor 3 Gor:
   • A possessory title that grants rights similar to Chanote but lacks GPS surveying.
   • Convertible to Chanote upon proper land office procedures.
3. Nor Sor 3:
   • An older possessory title with less formal surveys and weaker legal standing.
   • Requires a public announcement before converting to Chanote.
4. Sor Kor 1:
   • A claim certificate, often for agricultural land.
   • Grants usage rights but not ownership, with limited transferability.

2. Importance of Title Verification

1. Land Office Records:
   • The title deed should be verified at the local Land Office to confirm ownership and ensure no encumbrances, such as mortgages or disputes.
2. Survey Accuracy:
   • For Chanote titles, GPS data ensures boundary accuracy, reducing risks of overlapping claims or disputes.

3. Foreign Ownership Considerations

1. Restrictions:
   • Foreigners cannot directly own land but can hold title deeds for condominium units (up to 49% of the building’s total space).
   • Land can be leased for up to 30 years or owned through a Thai-registered company.
2. Due Diligence:
   • Foreign investors should conduct thorough checks to verify the property’s legal status and compliance with ownership regulations.

4. Transfer Process

1. Documentation:
   • Original title deed, identification documents, and sale-purchase agreement.
2. Land Office Procedures:
   • The transfer must be registered at the Land Office, where taxes, fees, and applicable charges are paid.

5. Common Issues and Resolutions

1. Encumbrances:
   • Mortgages, leases, or legal disputes must be resolved before transferring ownership.
2. Fraudulent Titles:
   • Working with legal professionals helps verify authenticity and avoid scams.

Conclusion

Title deeds in Thailand are the foundation of property ownership and usage rights. Understanding their types, verifying their authenticity, and adhering to legal processes are critical steps for secure property transactions. Engaging legal expertise ensures compliance and minimizes risks in Thailand’s property market.